Protocol Types

Stash supports multiple types of proxy protocols, which can proxy TCP/UDP protocols.

Each proxy must have the following parameters:

• name: The name of the proxy, which must be unique for each proxy.
• type: The type of the proxy.
• server: The server address, which can be a domain name or an IP address.
• port: The port.

The proxy may support the following parameters:

• tls: A boolean value indicating whether to use TLS for forwarding.
• skip-cert-verify: A boolean value indicating whether to skip certificate verification during TLS handshake.
• server-cert-fingerprint: A string representing the SHA256 fingerprint of the server certificate for TLS handshake, encoded in Hex.
• sni: A string representing the Server Name Indication (opens in a new tab) sent during TLS handshake. If sni is empty, it defaults to the server field.
• alpn: An array of strings representing the Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN) (opens in a new tab) sent during TLS handshake.
• interface-name: The network interface to bind to. Only supported on macOS.

In addition, for latency testing of individual proxies, the following parameters can be modified:

• benchmark-url: The URL used for latency testing. Defaults to http://www.apple.com/.
• benchmark-timeout: The timeout for latency testing, in seconds. Defaults to 5 seconds.

You can visit here for more information on testing proxy latency.

For protocols based on QUIC, it is possible to periodically change the port to counteract ISP's throttling on individual ports, a method known as port hopping.

• ports: A string representing multiple ports or port ranges, separated by commas, e.g., 443,8443,5000-6000.
• hop-interval: An integer representing the interval for port hopping, in seconds. Defaults to 30 seconds.

Different types of proxies also require specifying additional parameters, which can be referred to in the following sections.

Shadowsocks

name: ss1
type: ss
server: server
port: 443
cipher: chacha20-ietf-poly1305
password: 'password'
udp: true
plugin: null
plugin-opts:
  mode:
  host:

The following encryption methods (cipher) are supported:

• aes-128-gcm
• aes-192-gcm
• aes-256-gcm
• aes-128-cfb
• aes-192-cfb
• aes-256-cfb
• aes-128-ctr
• aes-192-ctr
• aes-256-ctr
• rc4-md5
• chacha20
• chacha20-ietf
• xchacha20
• chacha20-ietf-poly1305
• xchacha20-ietf-poly1305

The following plugins (plugin) are supported:

plugin: obfs
plugin-opts:
  mode: tls # Obfuscation mode, can be either http or tls
  host: bing.com # Obfuscation domain, should match the server configuration

plugin: v2ray-plugin
plugin-opts:
  mode: websocket # Currently does not support QUIC protocol
  tls: true # wss
  skip-cert-verify: true # Do not verify the certificate
  host: bing.com
  path: '/'
  headers: # Custom request headers
    key: value

ShadowsocksR

name: ssr
type: ssr
server: server
port: 443
cipher: chacha20-ietf
password: 'password'
obfs: ''
protocol: ''
obfs-param: ''
protocol-param: ''

The supported encryption methods (cipher) are the same as Shadowsocks.

The supported obfuscation methods (obfs) are:

• plain
• http_simple
• http_post
• random_head
• tls1.2_ticket_auth
• tls1.2_ticket_fastauth

The supported protocols (protocol) are:

• origin
• auth_sha1_v4
• auth_aes128_md5
• auth_aes128_sha1
• auth_chain_a auth_chain_b

SOCKS5

name: socks
type: socks5
server: server
port: 443
# username: username
# password: password
# tls: true
# skip-cert-verify: true
# udp: true

HTTP

name: http
type: http
server: server
port: 443
headers:
  key: value
tls: true # https
skip-cert-verify: true
# username: username
# password: password

VMess

name: vmess
type: vmess
server: server
port: 443
uuid: d0529668-8835-11ec-a8a3-0242ac120002
cipher: auto
alterId: 64
network:

The supported encryption methods (cipher) are:

• auto
• aes-128-gcm
• chacha20-poly1305
• none

The supported network types (network) are:

• ws
• h2
• http
• grpc

network: ws
ws-opts:
  path: /path
  headers:
    Host: v2ray.com
  max-early-data: 2048
  early-data-header-name: Sec-WebSocket-Protocol

network: h2
tls: true
h2-opts:
  host:
    - http.example.com
    - http-alt.example.com
  path: /

Snell

name: snell
type: snell
server: server
port: 443
psk: yourpsk
udp: true # Requires server version 3 or above
version: 3
# obfs-opts:
# mode: http # or tls
# host: bing.com

Snell UDP requires server version 3 or above.

The supported obfuscation modes (obfs-opts.mode) are:

• http
• tls

Trojan

name: trojan
type: trojan
server: server
port: 443
password: yourpassword
# udp: true
# sni: example.com # Server Name Indication, if empty, will use the value in the server field
# alpn:
#   - h2
#   - http/1.1
# skip-cert-verify: true

The supported network types (network) are:

• ws
• grpc

Hysteria

Hysteria is a feature-rich network tool (bilateral accelerator) optimized for adverse network environments, such as satellite networks, congested public Wi-Fi, and connections to foreign servers in China. Based on the modified QUIC protocol.

Please refer to here (opens in a new tab) for Hysteria server deployment.

name: 'hysteria'
type: hysteria
server: server
port: 443
up-speed: 100 # Upload bandwidth (unit: Mbps)
down-speed: 100 # Download bandwidth (unit: Mbps)
auth-str: your-password
# auth: aHR0cHM6Ly9oeXN0ZXJpYS5uZXR3b3JrL2RvY3MvYWR2YW5jZWQtdXNhZ2Uv # bytes encoded in base64
protocol: '' # udp / wechat-video
obfs: '' # obfs password
sni: example.com # Server Name Indication, if empty, will use the value in the server field
alpn:
  - hysteria
skip-cert-verify: true

The upload and download bandwidths are in Mbps. Please fill in the correct values to fully utilize the actual bandwidth. Exceeding the actual bandwidth may have a counterproductive effect.

External link: base64 online encoding tool (opens in a new tab).

Hysteria2

Please refer to here (opens in a new tab) for Hysteria2 server deployment.

name: 'hysteria2'
type: hysteria2
server: server
port: 443
auth: your-password
fast-open: true
sni: example.com # Server Name Indication, if empty, will use the value in the server field
skip-cert-verify: true
up-speed: 100 # Upload bandwidth (optional, unit: Mbps)
down-speed: 100 # Download bandwidth (optional, unit: Mbps)

VLESS

The XTLS protocol eliminates redundant encryption in a TLS environment and provides better forwarding performance.

name: vless
type: vless
server: server
port: 443
uuid: d0529668-8835-11ec-a8a3-0242ac120002
# flow: xtls-rprx-direct
# skip-cert-verify: true
# network: h2
# tls: true
# ws-opts:
#   path: /path
#   headers:
#     Host: v2ray.com
# grpc-opts:
#   grpc-service-name: "example"
# h2-opts:
#   host:
#     - http.example.com
#     - http-alt.example.com
#   path: /

The supported XTLS modes (flow) are:

• xtls-rprx-origin
• xtls-rprx-direct
• xtls-rprx-splice

TUIC

TUIC is a lightweight QUIC-based proxy protocol written in Rust, currently supporting v4 and v5 versions. You can find more information here (opens in a new tab).

name: tuic-v5
type: tuic
server: server
port: 443
version: 5
uuid: d0529668-8835-11ec-a8a3-0242ac120002 # for v5
password: your_password # for v5
skip-cert-verify: true
sni: ''
alpn:
  - h3

name: tuic-v4
type: tuic
server: server
port: 443
version: 4
token: 'your_token' # for v4
skip-cert-verify: true
sni: ''
alpn:
  - h3

Juicity

Juicity (opens in a new tab) is a QUIC-based proxy protocol inspired by TUIC.

name: juicity
type: juicity
server: server
port: 443
uuid: d0529668-8835-11ec-a8a3-0242ac120002
password: your_password
skip-cert-verify: true
sni: ''
alpn:
  - h3

WireGuard

WireGuard (opens in a new tab) is an efficient Layer 3 VPN. Stash supports using it as a Layer 4 proxy and supports forwarding WireGuard packets through other protocols.

name: wireguard
type: wireguard
server: server # domain is supported
port: 51820
ip: 10.8.4.8
# ipv6: fe80::e6bf:faff:fea0:9fae # optional
private-key: 0G6TTWwvgv8Gy5013/jv2GttkCLYYaNTArHV0NdNkGI= # client private key
public-key: 0ag+C+rINHBnvLJLUyJeYkMWvIAkBjQPPObicuBUn1U= # peer public key
# preshared-key: # optional
dns: [1.0.0.1, 223.6.6.6] # optional
# mtu: 1420 # optional
# reserved: [0, 0, 0] # optional
# keepalive: 45 # optional
# underlying-proxy: # optional
#   type: trojan
#   server: your-underlying-proxy
#   port: 443
#   password: your-password

SSH

Forward TCP traffic through Secure Shell Protocol (SSH) (opens in a new tab), supporting password and key authentication.

name: ssh
type: ssh
server: server # domain is supported
port: 22
user: root
password: password
private-key: |
  -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
  MIIEpAIBAAKCAQEA0G6TTWwvgv8Gy5013/jv2GttkCLYYaNTArHV0NdNkGI=
  ...
  -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
private-key-passphrase: your-passphrase # optional

DIRECT with Specified Interface

By creating a proxy of type direct and specifying interface-name, it is possible to force certain traffic to go through a specific network interface. This is commonly used to solve the issue of VPN and Stash not being able to be used simultaneously.

For example, if OpenVPN on the local machine is using utun3 and you want all traffic from 10.4.8.0/24 to go through utun3 instead of the default network interface on macOS.

name: my-corp-vpn
type: direct
interface-name: utun3

rules:
  - IP-CIDR,10.4.8.0/24,my-corp-vpn